V roce 1864 byla v \u017denev\u011b p\u0159ijata prvn\u00ed „\u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o zlep\u0161en\u00ed osudu ran\u011bn\u00fdch v poln\u00edch arm\u00e1d\u00e1ch“. Na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b jsou sanitn\u00ed vozidla, vojensk\u00e9 nemocnice a zdravotnick\u00fd person\u00e1l pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, jako takov\u00e9 jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny a bojuj\u00edc\u00edmi stranami respektov\u00e1ny. Nemocn\u00ed a ran\u011bn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, bez ohledu na to, ke kter\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed, budou posb\u00edr\u00e1ni a o\u0161et\u0159eni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haagsk\u00e1 \u00famluva z roku 1899 \/dopln\u011bn\u00e1 v roce 1907\/ roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila ochranu na z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 \u010dluny, nemocni\u010dn\u00ed lod\u011b a jejich pos\u00e1dky a zejm\u00e9na na ztroskotan\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V dal\u0161\u00ed \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b z roku 1906 se poprv\u00e9 pamatovalo i na ochranu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f. Tato \u00famluva byla po zku\u0161enostech z prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky definitivn\u011b up\u0159esn\u011bna v roce 1929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prvn\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka uk\u00e1zala jasn\u011b pot\u0159ebu chr\u00e1nit tak\u00e9 internovan\u00e9 civiln\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proto v roce 1949 svolal Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor \u010cerven\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee do \u017denevy diplomatickou konferenci, jej\u00edm\u017e v\u00fdsledkem se staly \u010dty\u0159i \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy z 12.srpna 1949 o ochran\u011b ob\u011bt\u00ed v\u00e1lek. Tyto \u00famluvy jsou platn\u00e9 dodnes a jsou z\u00e1kladem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jsou jimi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n I. \u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o zlep\u0161en\u00ed osudu ran\u011bn\u00fdch a nemocn\u00fdch v poln\u00edch arm\u00e1d\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed ran\u011bn\u00e9 a nemocn\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, l\u00e9ka\u0159e, zdravotnick\u00fd person\u00e1l a duchovn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n II. \u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o zlep\u0161en\u00ed osudu ran\u011bn\u00fdch, nemocn\u00fdch a ztroskotan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f ozbrojen\u00fdch sil na mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n III. \u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi zajatci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IV. \u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o ochran\u011b civiln\u00edch osob v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tyto \u010dty\u0159i \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy byly do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne podeps\u00e1ny a ratifikov\u00e1ny celkem 186 st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta \/v\u010detn\u011b d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010ceskoslovenska a pozd\u011bji \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky\/. Historie v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee ani tyto \u010dty\u0159i \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor \u010cerven\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee proto znovu svolal do \u017denevy dal\u0161\u00ed diplomatickou konferenci. Po \u00faporn\u00e9m \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed tato konference vypracovala a dne 8.\u010dervna 1977 schv\u00e1lila dva Dodatkov\u00e9 protokoly k \u017denevsk\u00fdm \u00famluv\u00e1m z roku 1949<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dodatkov\u00fd protokol \u010d.1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ochrany ob\u011bt\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch ozbrojen\u00fdch konflikt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dodatkov\u00fd protokol \u010d.2 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ochrany ob\u011bt\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch konflikt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed charakter \/ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a ozbrojen\u00e1 povst\u00e1n\u00ed\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Je\u0161t\u011b jednou v\u0161ak bylo t\u0159eba reagovat na nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby veden\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch akc\u00ed. Proto byla ve dnech 3.-4.12.1997 v kanadsk\u00e9 Ottaw\u011b p\u0159ijata tzv. Ottawsk\u00e1 konvence o n\u00e1\u0161lapn\u00fdch min\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy V roce 1864 byla v \u017denev\u011b p\u0159ijata prvn\u00ed „\u017denevsk\u00e1 \u00famluva o zlep\u0161en\u00ed osudu ran\u011bn\u00fdch v poln\u00edch arm\u00e1d\u00e1ch“. Na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b jsou sanitn\u00ed vozidla,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":43,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147,"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions\/147"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cck-trutnov.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}